OPEN CRUMB RECIPES

Steps:

• Mix all of the ingredients together for about 10 minutes. I suggest a 5 minute rest in between two rounds of approximately 2.5 minutes of active mixing. This can be done in a stand mixer first on low speed and then on medium (dough hook, scrape down sides a few times), or you can use a dough whisk for round one, and a method like the Rubaud method for round two. (See the video below this recipe for a demonstration.)
• I did not see a benefit to the crumb in autolysing the flour and water, but you may choose to do this if it's your preference.
• Perform three rounds of stretching and folding at approximately 30 minutes, 1.5 hours and 2.5 hours after mixing. If your room temperature is mid-70sF or higher, do the stretching and folding closer together. And if you are using a lower protein flour, you may want to skip the stretching and folding, based on my findings explained below this recipe.
• Retard the dough to the refrigerator for about 8-12 hours, but pay more attention to the dough than the clock. Stop the bulk fermentation when the dough looks puffy and has grown by about 50%.
• Scrape the dough onto a dampened countertop, using wet fingertips or a wet dough scraper.
• Gently shape the dough into a round and cover it with an inverted bowl for 15-45 minutes (more time if the dough felt tight and/or underdeveloped as you preshaped it, less if it was loose and/or proofy).
• Uncover the dough and flour the top of it, smoothing the flour evenly on the dough surface with your palm. Then using a bench scraper, lift half the dough and slip your hand under it. Use the bench scraper on the other side to flip the dough over to its floured side.
• Gently stretch the dough into a square.
• See the gallery below to visualize the following shaping instructions. This is for an oval-shaped bread, but you can make a round bread instead by stitching from all sides, flipping and further rounding with your palms.
• Fold up the bottom third of the dough. Fold inward the left and right sides. Then fold the top side of the dough down the to the bottom edge.
• If the dough is stretchable / extensible, stitch the sides inward to make a tighter tube.
• Roll the lower part of the dough upward and press it into the middle of the tube, Continue rolling and cinching the dough until it is flipped over.
• Give the sides of the dough a few pinches to close the seams of the roll. Use your bench scraper to tighten the tube further if needed.
• Let the dough sit for a minute or so to seal the bottom seam.
• Line your proofing basket with bran flakes or rice flour. Then lift and flip the dough into the proofing basket. Stitch the dough more in the basket if it seems loose.
• Cover and let proof 1-1.75 hours at room temperature. Many combinations of final proofing temperature and time will work e.g. 15 minutes at room temperature and 12 hours in the refrigerator, or 8 hours in the refrigerator and 1 hour at room temperature. Remember that the proofing will be much faster at room temperature, and that gases are compressed at cold temperatures, so the appearance of a cold dough can be flatter despite advanced proofing.
• Preheat your oven to 475F for 30 minutes with your baking vessel inside.
• Cover your basket with parchment paper and a cutting board, flip the entire contraption, and remove the basket.
• Lift the parchment paper and dough into your hot baking vessel and score. I suggest scoring after lifting because the dough may spread as soon as it is cut, and I find it easier to transfer a taut dough.
• Bake until the internal temperature is over 205F.
• 475F for 30 minutes, lid on
• 450F for 10 minutes, lid off
• Let cool for several hours before cutting.

Steps:

• In medium bowl, mix 1 cup flour and the salt. Cut in shortening, using pastry blender (or pulling 2 table knives through ingredients in opposite directions), until particles are size of small peas. Sprinkle with cold water, 1 tablespoon at a time, tossing with fork until all flour is moistened and pastry almost leaves side of bowl (1 to 2 teaspoons more water can be added if necessary). Gather pastry into a ball. Shape into flattened round on lightly floured surface. Wrap flattened round of pastry in plastic wrap, and refrigerate about 45 minutes or until dough is firm and cold, yet pliable. This allows the shortening to become slightly firm, which helps make the baked pastry more flaky. If refrigerated longer, let pastry soften slightly before rolling.
• Heat oven to 400°F. On surface sprinkled with flour, using floured rolling pin, roll pastry dough into circle 2 inches larger than 9-inch pie plate. Fold pastry into fourths; place in pie plate. Unfold and ease into plate, pressing firmly against bottom and side and being careful not to stretch pastry, which will cause it to shrink when baked. Trim overhanging edge of pastry 1 inch from rim of pie plate. Fold and roll pastry under, even with plate; flute as desired.
• In large bowl, toss Filling ingredients. Pour into pie plate, mounding apples toward center.
• In medium bowl, use pastry blender or fingers to mix butter, 1 cup flour and the brown sugar until a crumb forms. Sprinkle evenly over top of pie. Sprinkle 1 tablespoon granulated sugar on top.
• Bake 45 to 55 minutes or until pie crust and crumb topping are deep golden brown and filling begins to bubble. Transfer to cooling rack to cool.